Saturday, October 8, 2022

- Debates (Hansard) No. 98 - September 20, () - House of Commons of Canada

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Obituaries - BC Catholic - Multimedia Catholic News.



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  A system that allows a violent criminal to reoffend over and over again with impunity does not deserve to be called a justice system. The Detroit News. He loved the outdoors, but his greatest passion was painting. The Star. With regard to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans DFO and the Eastern Canyons Marine Refuge: a has DFO conducted any research activities showing that halibut fishing in the Eastern Canyons marine refuge is negatively impacting gorgonian coral, and, if so, what are the details, including the findings, of any such research; and b prior to announcing the Eastern Canyons Marine Refuge area, did DFO examine the potential impact of climate change and storms on this particular ecosystem, and, if so, what are the details, including the findings, of any such analysis? The Windsor police announced via Twitter that enforcement had begun. Toronto Star Newspapers.    

 

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Aloysius was dedicated to nurturing the spiritual maturity of his ministry. Francis Xavier Parish in Like a good shepherd who is constantly on the lookout for green pastures, Fr. Aloysius tirelessly devoted himself to his ministry. With keen observations and confidence, he identified areas in which promotion and upgrade were apparent. Under his leadership, he led the building of a home for the elderly - Happy Manor was opened in July In the following year, the new parish daycare center was also completed.

Father was always committed to help and respond swiftly to requests. Since , he took up additional ministry work in Seattle for the Catholic community there. He commuted to Seattle once monthly over a period of ten years. The congregation grew quickly, and in the summer of , a Chinese ministry was established at Our Lady Star of the Sea Parish, where he was appointed associate pastor.

Aloysius witnessed the inauguration of the new Saint Francis Xavier church and retired from active ministry in Since his retirement, father devoted his time to work with the Sisters of the Epiphany, a member of the Salesian family in Shaoguan, China, as a volunteer English teacher. Although technically retired, he continued to contribute much of his time and expertise to serve at St.

Theresa Roman Catholic Church. Invited by the bishop of Macau as a guest pastor, Fr. There, he reconnected with his distant memories of living in Macau during his childhood.

In his retirement years, Fr. Aloysius maintained a part-time presence in Vancouver and led several pilgrimages to Europe, South America, and Asia. Aloysius touched the lives of many. His presence was found in every facet of our lives, through baptisms, sacraments, housewarmings, marriages, celebrations, and beside hospital beds. We have known him as a pastor, teacher, confessor, counsel, brother, and a friend.

Father fell ill in the beginning of and bravely fought his illness. He passed away peacefully on May 20, , in the comfort of his home. At the end of his life, Fr. Aloysius felt that he found contentment and fulfillment in his life as a priest, servant, man of prayer, preacher of the Word, mediator and man of the people. Dennis Wayne, O. Prior to entering the Noviate, Fr.

Dennis was employed at St. John BC; Pastor - St. Prison Chaplaincy would be his most challenging ministry. Emotions are triggered daily in both staff and inmates. Dennis was a quiet, private person. A good listener, he could be relied upon for valuable insight and advice. He was sympathetic and compassionate to those in need, spiritually and emotionally. He enjoyed computers, photography, gardening and nature. Otto Benedicte, O. There were 11 children in the family.

He is also survived by 32 nieces and nephews, many great nephews and nieces as well as a number of great-great nieces and nephews. His first Obedience was as a Missionary to Peru in Otto was blessed with a spirit of hospitality. He enjoyed people, travel, music, reading, history and sports.. He appreciated cultures had a passion to serve the Mexican migrant workers in Kelowna.

Otto will be fondly remembered by his Oblate brothers, family and many friends. The town is on one of the Visayan Islands. She is the youngest of a farming family of six.

Prior to the second world war, Pelagia, the eldest sister, decided to venture to Manila. She survived the war and while working for a Spanish family, she met and married Timoteo Panis.

They raised their family in Manila. When the other siblings began to leave home, Pelagia asked Jovita to join her in Manila where she started high school. Jovita was successful with her education. Acquiring a Bachelor of Science in Commerce degree, then a Law degree.

Instead of obtaining a license to practice law in the Philippines, she immigrated to Canada. Jovita did very well in Canada. She worked in the insurance industry and the Canada Post Office, where she worked for over twenty years. Jovita paved the way for seven nephews and nieces plus her eldest sister, Pelagia, to immigrate and establish themselves in Canada.

It is with great sadness that we announce the passing of Betty Davies on May 7, Betty was born in Vancouver on June 17, She was the oldest daughter born to Ed and Jean Olson. She spent her early childhood in the Queen Charlotte Islands and her teenage years schooling in California. Betty was dedicated to her family, the community, and especially to Precious Blood Parish. Betty made her fame in Cloverdale operating many food concession stands on the Cloverdale Fair grounds including the best burgers and fries at the famous Cloverdale Rodeo.

Barry played basketball and football and graduated from Vancouver College in He worked in the sawmill industry for many years. Memorial Mass will be celebrated on Saturday, May 28 at am at St. Joseph the Worker, Richmond.

In lieu of flowers, donations may be offered to the Vancouver College Alumni Association. It is with great sadness that we announce the death of Bernadine Carvalho on April 29, in Farnborough, Hampshire, England. She was married to Dr. She was a loving wife, mother, grandmother and great-grandmother.

The extended family remembers her kindness and generosity. Her commitment to the Church was exemplary. Joe passed away peacefully May 2, at St. Joe was predeceased by his daughter Maria, his sister Edith and parents Frieda and Erwin and will be deeply missed by his family. Joe leaves behind his beloved wife, Shelley and son Michael. Funeral Mass was celebrated on May 16th at am at St. Joyce Williams passed away peacefully in her home at pm on April 20, at the age of 92, surrounded by loved ones.

She was married to Daniel Williams who passed more than 30 years ago. Following Dan's death, Joyce dedicated her life to her 6 children, 17 grandchildren, 23 great-grandchildren, and the Catholic Church, which carried her through all difficulties and triumphs. She enjoyed traveling, golf, the Canucks, bowling, and lawn bowling. It is with heavy hearts we announce the passing of Angelo Benetti at Royal Columbian Hospital with his family by his side.

He was predeceased by his siblings John Jean and Gina Giovanni. He was a generous man who embodied the Italian culture and loved a variety of music. Angelo enjoyed the simple pleasures in life of gardening, good food, wine, and spending time with family and friends. Prayers will be offered on Thursday, May 5, , at p.

An online book of memories is accessible at the Burquitlam Funeral home, where you may share memories and view additional photos. Nellie was born on December 18th, in Montreal, Quebec; the youngest of 7 children, all of whom pre-deceased her. Her mother was from Lebanon and her father from Syria.

She will be greatly missed by us all. The family expresses gratitude to Dr. Cameron Ross, the medical staff at Chilliwack General Hospital, and to her dear friend Millie Farrell, and the wonderful staff and residents at Chartwell Birchwood Retirement Residence who always made her feel at home! Michael The Archangel Catholic Parish. Born October 18, in Estevan, Saskatchewan.

She was the first of their children to be born in Canada, part of a family of 9 sisters and 1 brother. Tired of watching the family dog run away for days on the prairies, they moved to Richmond in Their first home in BC was on Cambie Road, in the new chicken coop, built by her father. If hard work and dedication to family and God earns you a ticket to heaven, Margaret possesses an Express Pass. She met the love of her life, Ed at a house party in Richmond when he answered the dare of a friend to kiss her, and he did.

They married within days of her 19th birthday and were inseparable for 61 years. In recent years she often mentioned that she never received any love letters, but in truth her life with Ed was a love letter for the ages.

Her circle of friends and family, who have passed on will welcome her, as she joins Ed in a long awaited reunion. Before there was the legendary Triple O, there were the legendary Miiller girls, 8 of whom worked White Spot. On April 16th she answered the call of the Lord and her husband to come and be with them.

He loved exploring the mountains of Vermont, where he was born in the small town of Bennington in Jack worked throughout the U. Always by his side was Jacqueline Jackie June Connell, his beloved wife and childhood sweetheart, who passed away in It is with profound sadness that we announce the passing of Michael in Vancouver, BC. Michael entered the kingdom of heaven on April 2nd and will be greeted by his parents, Gerard and Lucy Morrissey, and his brother James Morrissey.

Michael will be dearly missed by his siblings Bill, Allan, Lucy, Patrick, and his many nieces and nephews. Michael struggled throughout his lifetime dealing with Bipolar Disorder since the age of He handled this with grace, kindness, and humility toward everyone.

We will miss his great sense of humor and an extremely sharp wit. He had a very strong faith in God which sustained him in dealing with his many struggles. Many Willow staff members liked Michael and came to say their goodbyes, which was a real testament to his kindness and sense of humor. Michael, thank you for the positive impact you have had on our lives. Isabel passed away peacefully at Sunrise of Vancouver at the age of She was born in Balquhidder, Scotland. Isabel is also predeceased by her husband Romuald, infant son Edward, great grandsons Emmet and Ford Lakowski, and daughter-in-law Elizabeth Chavez Greg.

Isabel came from a musical family joining her father and brothers to sing in amateur operetta performances while at University.

She began teaching after University. Isabel married Romuald Lakowski, November 7, They were blessed with 16 children, 13 born in Scotland. Isabel and Ronnie were team players sharing responsibilities. She is also survived by 42 grandchildren and 26 great grandchildren. Isabel was known for her high, clear, soprano voice and for many years sang with the Immaculate Conception Choir for Sunday Mass, Easter and Christmas.

Isabel will be missed by her family and all who knew her. She was a courageous, gentle, compassionate and vibrant person. Angela passed into the arms of our lord to join her beloved daughter Sharon. Angela leaves behind her beloved husband Bryan on their 60th year of wonderful marriage, Bryan will miss her dearly. She will be missed by her son Robert, daughter-in-law Nicole, son-in-law James and her grandsons Finn, Caiden and Max. Her many friends and relatives in Arizona, Ontario, British Columbia, Ireland and England will all miss her dearly as well.

Mary passed away suddenly on March 25th in her 73rd year. Although profoundly saddened, it is with joy that we celebrate and remember the life of Alfred Clement DuMont. Devoted husband, father, grandfather and brother, Alfred passed away peacefully at home on March 29th in White Rock, BC at the age of He is predeceased by sisters Sr.

Rosalie C. Alfred maintained lifetime friendships with many of his Forestry classmates. They married in and theirs was a marriage rooted in deep love, faith, mutual admiration, and respect. Alfred was a wonderful father. Hunting and fishing were two of his favourite pastimes. Alfred served his communities in many ways including as a Rotary and Board of Trade president, and a Grand Knight in the Knights of Columbus. He lived his life guided by a deep and abiding faith. He was a man of tremendous integrity, and many experienced his quiet generosity in times of need.

He will be missed by everyone whose life he touched. Born in Montreal, Quebec. Patricia was predeceased by her husband, Neville Pauline Lee passed away peacefully in a warm and happy place for her. She lived a full life and was dedicated to her profession as a nurse. Pauline worked in acute care nursing at Hong Kong Government General Hospital and then Vancouver General Hospital when she first immigrated to Canada from Hong Kong in , home care nursing with the Victorian Order of Nurses VON , and in community health nursing as a continuing care hospital liaison nurse with the Vancouver Health Department until she retired in She was the primary caregiver for her husband Luke, who passed in , after a life full of adventures with Pauline.

She will be truly missed by her family and friends including: her son, Michael Christina ; and three grandchildren, Justine, Graham and Andrea. Lord, grant eternal rest unto your servant, Pauline, and let your perpetual light shine upon her.

Born 10 weeks early, MJ battled her way out of the NICU ahead of schedule, as she was excited to be home with her family. Then, tragically, in late May of , she was diagnosed with leukemia.

MJ underwent intense chemotherapy, which sadly did not work. The doctors then pivoted to a bone marrow transplant. MJ was so strong throughout the process, but sadly, this too, did not work. At that time, her doctors said she had a week left to live. She wound up living almost two more months, providing us with a lifetime of giggles, love and joy. When the leukemia became too much for her body to handle, she passed peacefully, with no pain, in the arms of her mother and father.

She is survived by her mother Jessica, her father Cory, her grandmothers Brenda and Jesuina, her grandfather Francisco, her aunt Michele, her uncle Jefferson, her cousin Theo and her godmother Silvania and godfather Aspaan. Predeceased by father John and mother Katherine. Funeral Mass was celebrated on Tuesday, March 8th, at am. It is with great sadness, we announce the passing of Elmer Alfred Kachur on December 1, at the age of Beloved husband for 53 years to Jill.

Loving father of Andrew Andy. Predeceased by his parents, Michael and Stella Kachur and older brother Cleve. Loving brother to Ernest Angela of St.

He will be sadly missed by his nephews and nieces across Canada and Australia. He taught the trades in the Surrey School District and was known as Mr.

He enjoyed gardening and when travelling always had his camera around his neck taking many pictures of his adventures. He enjoyed helping others and was a friend to all. Being strong in his faith, he was active in his church in the roles of Usher, Reader and Eucharistic Minister and was a member of the Knights of Columbus. He was proud of the many couples they were able to help through their counselling. He will be lovingly missed by his family and by many close friends who he considered to be family.

The first words Elmer encouraged from his nieces and nephews were "Uncle El is my pal".. His funeral was held at St. His internment was at the Gardens of Gethsemani, Surrey.

Also survived by his brother Len Sarom , sister Louise and numerous other relatives and friends. Interment to follow at the Gardens of Gethsemani.

It is with great sadness we announce the passing of Helena Galas on Saturday, February 12, , at the age of 80 years. Helena will be dearly missed by brother Robert Swynar Terri , and sister Christine Pearse, along with many, many friends in Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary, and relatives in Poland and the Ukraine.

From Calgary she moved to Edmonton and made many friends there while working for the government. She worked as a Senior Mechanical Designer in Vancouver, then took early retirement while running a small bed and breakfast. She maintained a beautiful garden of flowers inside her home as well as outside. Helena loved being with her many friends and travelled to the old country and Europe many times.

She enjoyed serving at many functions in the company of her Ukrainian friends. Helena was a kind, generous, compassionate, and caring lady. She was always positive and willing to help those in need before herself. She was our best friend, our most precious gift, always and forever in our hearts.

She worked in different fields from data entry clerk at UBC, intermediate accountant at Inland Natural Gas now Fortis, taught in the Catholic school system; established Neat Uniforms, a supplier to private schools. She retired as a financial advisor. Emma took all her careers as a mission from the Lord. Emma was parishioner of St.

Anthony of Padua for 23 years. She started and organized the now annual St. Anthony novena celebrations. She then moved to Holy Cross parish for 10 years where she volunteered her time for many ministries.

She served as sacristan, Extraordinary Eucharistic minister, lector, money counter and in other capacities. She served both parishes with dedication and in a reverent manner, always with a smile, which reflected the love from her heart. For this, the Archdiocese of Vancouver recognized her with a Stewardship Award in During this time, she was already battling her terminal cancer in silence and with joy.

We thank the Lord that her final wish came to fruition with her children by her side daily until she passed. Funeral Mass was celebrated, February 18 at St. Anthony's Parish. It is with sadness we announce the passing of Kathleen Mary Dohm. She passed away peacefully in Vancouver the city she loved, on January 29, at age Kathleen was a woman of strong faith and leaves a rich legacy of kindness, optimism, and humour. Kathleen was born in Liverpool, England on December 1, Kathleen met Father Peter Carroll and worked for him in the church for several years.

She is predeceased by her husband Robert. All those who knew Kathleen discovered a warm, kind, and generous woman. The family thanks the staff at Clarendon Court and the Cottage Hospice for all the love and care shown to our mother and we know you will miss her as well. Joseph W Krentz passed away peacefully at home with his wife of almost 72 years, Loretta, and family by his side.

In he moved to Richmond, B. In they purchased a acre dairy farm in Langley, B. Joe and Loretta had nine children. Joe was a devout Catholic and active member of St.

He was a Knights of Columbus member for over 60 years, served four years as the Grand Knight and 18 years as Financial Secretary. Through his Knights activity he was very active playing and coaching softball, baseball and hockey. He was influential in the Holstein-Friesian Association, he was President of the BC Branch for three years and pioneered reproductive technology advances within his own herd.

After eight years Joe became President and the facilities were moved to their Langholm Farm buildings. Thursday, January 20th at St.

A family only Interment at the Gardens of Gethsemani followed. He was an influencer, an activator, a humanitarian and one of the good guys loved by many. She was Predeceased by her husband, Adam, her father, Catalino Sr. She is lovingly survived by her mother, Julia, son, Nicolas, and many nephews and nieces. Pacita dearly loved her family in the Philippines and maintained a strong relationship with them throughout her life. Pacita came to Canada in Among the many other places she worked for was the Sisters of the Cenacle until their Shaughnessy location closed in In the same year she then joined the Oblates of Mary Immaculate as cook and eventually retired in 17 years following the death of her husband.

Funeral Mass was celebrated on Thursday, January 13th, at St. Interment of will be held in Luna, La Union, Philippines. Teacher, Priest and Friend. He passed away peacefully at Delta Hospital from lung cancer. He is survived by his brother Robert, his nephew Michael and niece Rosalie. He is predeceased by his parents Richard and Melba May, as well as his brother Richard and his twin Eddy. He was born in Sydney, Australia and became a schoolteacher.

He discerned a call to the priesthood and after studying in Rome, was ordained at the age of 41 on March 27, During his years of active ministry in the Archdiocese of Vancouver, he had four assignments in religious education and six in parish ministry.

He is remembered for his years as the Director of the Catholic Information Center, where he taught courses in the Catholic Faith and was the coordinator of the Archdiocesan Pre-Marriage Program, and later for his time as the pastor of St. In his retirement years, he volunteered to be a chaplain on cruise ships and sailed to many parts of the world.

His former students, parishioners and brother priests fondly remember him as a friendly, enthusiastic, and joyful person that everyone loved. Throughout his teaching career and as a devoted priest, he touched the lives of thousands of people. Prayers: January 18, St. Predeceased by her husband Raphael Ralph after 53 years of marriage, she was the last surviving sibling in her family. Mabel is survived by three children, nine grandchildren, and eight great-grandchildren. Her family was the centre of her world.

She easily made new and lifelong friends and especially enjoyed chatting with friends and family. Mabel was a hard-working and willing volunteer in her Parishes. Mass of Christian Burial was celebrated at St. In lieu of flowers, please consider a donation to your favourite charity in her memory. On December 29th, , our beloved Gabrielle was snatched away by an aggressive brain cancer after 4 short months.

At just 34 years of age, Gabi was called home by the Lord. Gabrielle was an accomplished young woman. A multisport athlete and musician at St. Thomas Aquinas High School, she loved to bake and made amazing birthday and wedding cakes for friends and family.

She loved adventure, travel and riding her motorcycle, but more than any of these she loved being a mother. Dempsey 12 and Royston 9 were her reason for being every day. More recently, she became engaged to Chris Porteous and was looking forward to becoming his wife later this year. They bonded over basketball, his love for her kids and a mutual craziness that made life fun.

Gabi is predeceased by grandparents on the Putti and Spence sides and by her beloved dog Solo. Gabi brought light and love to all she encountered. She was kind and generous. To the end she was gracious and thankful to all her caregivers no matter how uncomfortable the procedures. Bernie passed away suddenly at Surrey Memorial Hospital on Dec. He is predeceased by his parents Heinrich and Bernardine Weghaus , all 4 siblings Heinz, Marika, Agnes and Joseph and tragically, by his youngest son Norman Bernie is survived by his wife of 63 years, Anita and his remaining children, with whom he was very proud, Michael Bonnie , Shawn, Andrea Mike , Christopher and Joanne Edward as well as his 6 grandchildren and 13 great-grandchildren.

The family is not planning any memorial services at this time and ask that, in lieu of flowers, contributions can be made to a favorite charity in his memory. Lilian aka Pinki, passed away suddenly and unexpectedly on December 18th at home of an undiagnosed double pulmonary embolism.

Predeceased by her father Kazimierz Local 97 , Pinki leaves behind a heartbroken mother Florentyna, who just celebrated her 99th birthday and big sister Annette along with family and friends scattered globally in Canada, USA, France and Poland. She leaves behind an even bigger Polish Scouting family who encompass the world. Born and raised in Vancouver, Pinki was an active member of St.

Casimir's Polish Church and she volunteered for numerous Polish organizations including the most recent, as a board of director for the Kopernik Lodge -seniors home here in Vancouver. Funeral Mass was held at St. Casimir's Catholic Parish, on Wednesday, January 5, and recorded: www. A loving and devoted wife, mother, sister, aunt and friend, she will be remembered by her husband Eligio, her children Marlon and Monette, and her sisters Venus, Imelda and Zenaida.

Gloria moved to Canada with her family to Vancouver, Canada in to fulfill her dreams of raising a family in a land of opportunity.

With good accounting education and experience and loving determination and perseverance through the hardship of starting a new life in a foreign country, she instilled her values and work ethic in her family while providing a loving, caring environment. Gloria will be missed but never forgotten.

She will live on in our hearts. A funeral mass was held at St. Paul's Parish on Dec. It is with great sadness that we announce the passing of our loving father Peter Schatz. He passed away peacefully on December 21, at the age of He was the 4th of 13 children.

At 18 years of age, during the depression, Peter left the farm and headed to Vancouver to look for work. Peter took on many jobs but the majority of his working life was as Parts Manager at Carter GM where he was recognized and rewarded for his contributions. Peter had stories to tell, made friends easily, and would often strike up conversations with strangers.

He was always there to lend a hand and help others in need. He has gone to rejoin Bernice, his wife of almost 50 years. Peter will be sadly missed by his son Bill Schatz Sarah , daughter Anne Meyer Stephen , granddaughters Laura and Jennifer Schatz, grandson Matthew Meyer, and by a close-knit family of brothers and sisters, nieces, and nephews.

Interment to follow at Garden of Gethsemani. Due to the current restrictions, seating is limited to guests. For those that wish to join us virtually, please visit www. She was raised in West Vancouver, BC, and in Grade 9 became involved with Young Life, an organization whose focus was to bring the Gospel to teenagers. She was dedicated to her work with teenagers and remained committed to helping them in their faith well into her twenties. While working with the youth, Carolyn started building her life and values around her Christian faith.

The couple were married in , and together, they reached out to the young people on the beaches of Ambleside. By September of that year, the Baptist Church was full of young people attending a service dedicated specifically for them. The youth ministry lasted for almost ten years and Carolyn was interviewed on a local radio station because so many young people came from all over the Vancouver area to attend the services. After leaving the ministry, Carolyn, by then a devoted mother to her son Ted and daughter Rebecca, moved to a two-acre acreage in Maple Ridge.

There, out in the country, she took on the formidable task of designing and building her dream house. For Carolyn, family was most important, and she raised her children in the knowledge of Christ and to respect and look out for one another. She loved her family and her friendships in Maple Ridge. She witnessed to the community by hosting Bible camps for children in the summer and Bible studies for young people in the winter.

As much as Carolyn loved her family, she also loved her many pets. She enjoyed gardening, crafting cards, painting, political discourse, and reading and writing. She had a passion for serving people and maintained a strong record of public service. She also ran in the federal election for the National Party of Canada and enjoyed the many debates.

It was at Regent College where she met Peter Goertzen, her second husband. Carolyn and Peter married in , and together, built a life of ministry to family, friends, and neighbours. Her home was like a flowering garden, always filled with colour and art.

Her paintings covered the walls, and she loved to gift them to family and friends. Carolyn was a remarkable and colourful and passionate woman, always entertaining her family and friends with laughter and joy. Her greatest desire at the end of her life was to see her family and friends come to experience the love of Jesus as she had known over her lifetime.

Donations in her memory would be gratefully appreciated to St. At the age of 47, after a courageous battle with cancer, he was called to be with the Lord on December 3, Henry passed away on November 9th, at the great age of 90, in his own home as he wished.

He is pre-deceased by his wife of 49 years, Maureen Dad lived a most remarkable life. He later lived in South Africa, Australia and Britain to complete his education, settling in Toronto where he met Maureen. Henry was the son of Han and Mies Levelt who were in the Netherlands diplomatic service.

His lovely sisters, Hilke and Marijke of the Netherlands, both pre-deceased him. His career took him from Toronto to Montreal, and then Vancouver where he and Maureen lived since Dad will be remembered for his fortitude, resilience, generosity, and humour He appreciated great dinner parties and enjoyed travel, the symphony and theatre. We will be forever grateful to Susan, his caregiver of more than 7 years, and her sister, Geraldine who later joined the team ensuring his excellent quality of life, and allowed dad to stay in his own home.

We are grateful to the physicians and care teams at St. Janet Kow who cared for Henry over the past 7 months. Mass of Christian Burial was held St. Ania's childhood years were spent in war torn Poland followed by an adolescence during the post-war Communist period.

The violence two weeks ago took the lives of mothers and fathers, sons and daughters, aunts and uncles, neighbours, friends and familiar faces. Each one of them was known and loved. There are 10 enormous holes in the James Smith Cree Nation and surrounding communities. Healing takes time. It is a journey. The families and friends left behind have a long journey ahead of them, but I have faith that strength will carry the James Smith Cree Nation through.

It is the same strength that has helped that community survive and work through the immense trauma of history over many years. The reason I have faith and hope is that while evil is real and strong, faith, hope and love are stronger. Where we can help, we will.

I know the federal government is working with local community leaders. I note that the minister has been to visit and I thank her for that.

I offer my party's full support for any government actions that bring healing to the community, especially for the children who have seen what no child should ever see, and for those struggling with mental illness or addiction problems, who will find these times especially trying.

We can honour the victims and survivors by providing more effective recovery services to more people to help them get out of the cycle of violence and toward hope and healing. That is the least that compassion and respect demand of us. However, we must not allow our compassion to tempt us into complacency and stop us from asking the hard questions about our criminal justice system. This tragedy was not a random act of fate.

It was the result of a string of failings stretching back more than a decade. The families need answers. As a husband and a father, I can only imagine the sense of deep betrayal he must feel when he thinks about the callous negligence of our criminal justice system, which let this violent criminal out to recommit offences again and again, not just in this case, but for more than a decade. The perpetrator, who I am deliberately not naming, had been charged with over crimes in 47 cases over the last 14 years.

He had been convicted 59 times. There are likely more, but his youth record is sealed. At least two of those previous victims were also victims of the most recent violence: his in-laws Earl Burns, who died, and Joyce Burns, who was wounded. The first time, back in , he was charged with attempted murder, but he was allowed to plead guilty to a lesser offence and was only sentenced to two years less a day in prison. It has also been reported that he assaulted the mother of his children five times between and He never received more than a two-month sentence for any of those assaults.

Each time, he was set free to to attack again. What happened in northern Saskatchewan two weeks ago should be a national wake-up call. The James Smith Cree Nation was not only the victim of a violent criminal, but also the victim of a broken criminal justice system. We all agree in the possibility of redemption and in rehabilitation. We believe that, if someone makes a mistake and does their time, they should have a second chance at being part of society, but when someone commits one violent offence after another so that they number in the dozens, at some point they must stay behind bars for the protection of the public and out of respect for their victims.

A system that allows a violent criminal to reoffend over and over again with impunity does not deserve to be called a justice system. Leaving victims vulnerable to repeat attacks by a violent felon is not criminal justice. It is criminal negligence. I agree with Brian Burns. I want to know how this could have happened, and most importantly, I want to know how we can make sure it never happens again.

We will not honour the victims and the community if we do not listen to them. We must listen, and then we must act. There must be a top-to-bottom review. We need to know why criminal charges against this violent felon were so often stayed or withdrawn; why the parole boards repeatedly recommended his release despite deeming him a threat; why his sentences were so short, even after third and fourth violent convictions; and why Correctional Service Canada did not deem him sufficiently likely to reoffend, even after more than 50 convictions in 14 years, and failed to recommend against his statutory release.

A thorough review is important because the devastation experienced by this community was not an isolated incident. The violent crime severity index is up 18 points, and there were more than , violent crimes last year than there were in The violent crime rate is up in all 13 provinces and territories.

Clearly, something is wrong and getting worse. We need to know what it is, and we need to fix it. There are no words that can adequately capture the devastation that the James Smith Cree Nation has suffered and, indeed, the pain all Canadians felt at the stories of this unthinkable horror. The stories were of violence and an ongoing manhunt, but soon after the stories changed and we began to hear stories of the lives of the victims.

These are the stories that had been previously filled with laughter, often amid personal struggle, and stories of a community bound together by bonds of love and support, now united by grief. Today we offer our respect to the departed and the survivors.

In words that can only imperfectly convey sorrow, we offer our sympathy, but if we have only words, then we will have failed the James Smith Cree Nation again. It is time for these failures to end. It is time for our words to transform into actions, and it is time for all of us to rally in support of this wonderful community and its beautiful members as they heal and recover from these terrible events. I can find no better way to express all of the compassion and sympathy such a traumatizing event deserves.

However, words and good wishes are not enough. As members of Parliament, our duty is to see that events like this one never happen again. On that, a number of questions have been raised about the tragedy in the past few weeks, and they deserve answers.

I sincerely hope that the House will have the wisdom and determination to find these answers in a bipartisan manner, without ulterior motives, for the benefit of the indigenous communities and the people we represent. A few hours after one of the two suspects was arrested, we learned that one was a repeat offender who had violated his parole conditions.

According to an article in La Presse on September 7, last November, the suspect, whose name I will not mention, breached his parole conditions. The person convicted of no fewer than 59 criminal charges, including assault, assault with a weapon, assaulting a police officer and theft, did not pose an undue risk to society, according to the Parole Board of Canada. Here is a question that is certainly worthwhile asking: After how many criminal charges does the Parole Board of Canada believe that a person poses a risk to society?

Please do not misunderstand me: I respect the Parole Board of Canada. Having discussed the issue with officers, I understand that the means available to them are not always the most effective. In fact, they are often far from effective. This seems illogical in light of the societal impact of a decision to release an offender before the end of their sentence. In this case, it is difficult not to ask questions considering what appeared on the criminal record of one of the suspects.

One question it is normal to ask after such an event is whether the support and means needed to monitor inmates and their rehabilitation are available. I know that this is a lot of work for officers and that there can be elements that are hard to prove to convince the board that an offender could truly represent a risk to society, particularly at a time when officers are overloaded. Perhaps the time has come for institutional reform. We could suggest that the Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security investigate to determine whether adjustments are necessary.

We know that, in June, the Minister of Public Safety launched the federal framework to reduce recidivism. I would like to point that out. On the other hand, since this is the government's first step in the development of a plan to identify the determining factors that influence recidivism and the appropriate means of supporting successful social reintegration, given the recent events at the James Smith Cree Nation, the committee should look into the question, if only to make adjustments to the framework.

There is also the issue of mental health services for individuals known to police, such as the suspects in the tragedy. An appalling, horrifying and unspeakable event such as this one demands that we reflect on issues beyond the prison system.

How can two individuals stab so many people in so little time in such cold blood? Should we be looking at other administrations that have a better track record than the federal organizations concerned? With all due respect and sympathy to the victims, we need to raise awareness, offer suggestions and find solutions. I sincerely hope that this appeal for collaboration will be heard and accepted and that it will lead to honest and necessary discussions that will benefit everyone. We could say that this was an isolated and very rare incident, ignore it and move on as though nothing had happened, and then turn away to not see the horror.

However, I sincerely believe that we have a moral obligation to say to the people we represent, especially the community of James Smith, never again. Healing is the path forward and that cannot be done without recognizing that the ongoing process of colonialism has shaped this tragedy. We need to make sure that this tragedy does not go unrecognized by the government. This shows that true reconciliation is still necessary for our communities to move forward.

We must begin the conversation to discuss the prevention of intergenerational trauma going forward. The impact of the tragedy is felt throughout Canada, and as a country, we mourn the loss of those who are no longer with us. We, as a country, must ask for more to be done to support these individuals and their families. They are victims of crime, and this will have an ongoing impact on the families and friends within the community.

We must recognize the impact of colonialism and its aftermath, which is related to the criminal justice system's impact on these communities. The New Democrats will fight to ensure that these families get the supports they deserve. As parliamentarians, we must ensure that reconciliation is forged by investing in the well-being of indigenous peoples. We must be the parliamentarians who focus our efforts on recognizing the strengths that indigenous peoples must realize in themselves.

We must be the parliamentarians who invest in reconciliation, to ensure that tragedies such as these, as what happened in James Smith Cree Nation, do not happen again. We must ensure that we honour the memory of the victims and their families so that it never happens again.

We must ensure that we do our best to talk about reconciliation in terms of justice, healing and making sure that we are the ones who will ensure real reconciliation with indigenous peoples, so we can see indigenous peoples contributing to society in a positive and proud Canada, which we must see and realize is so important. We must be the parliamentarians who focus on the strengths of what we see in indigenous peoples. The House has heard the terms of the motion. All those opposed to the motion will please say nay.

Elizabeth May :. I also want to express gratitude to someone else. This may be somewhat unusual for starting this morning, but I cannot say another word without expressing my deep gratitude to the Conservative caucus for allowing me to speak. I then extend my congratulations to the new leader of the official opposition.

Not to complain, but some who pay close attention to this place may know that it has been since the election that Greens have been allowed to speak in moments of tribute and sadness. I am deeply grateful to the hon. I appreciate it enormously. I also want to say that we can all agree with every word that has been spoken. I want to thank the hon.

There is not one of us whose heart is not broken. I thought about taking off my black ribbon of mourning for Her Majesty the Queen this morning, but then I thought that I am still in mourning. Ten people, much loved in their communities and much loved by their families, are no longer with us, and they died in horrific circumstances.

I will leave my ribbon of mourning on, for today at least, for the James Smith Cree Nation, the families of the victims and the families of the perpetrators, all of whom are in a period of deep suffering. There is much that has been said, and I will not trespass on the time for long, but I just want to say that there must be more than words. We speak words in this place of reconciliation, of a cry for justice and of a prayer for healing, and we say that we will do better. In this circumstance, what we must do is what I am so grateful to so many Canadians for, because in the words of so many members of James Smith Cree Nation, they express gratitude and almost surprise at how many Canadians are grieving with them.

We grieve together. We share it across indigenous and settler cultures. We grieve together, just as, in another horrific circumstance, we grieved with the people of Nova Scotia in Portapique.

We need to look to all the calls I have heard across the room today for inquiry and for consideration. What must we do better? James Smith Cree Nation is saying maybe it would be better off if it had indigenous police services.

The chiefs in Manitoba are saying the same thing. They do not feel secure in a situation like this. They have the policing that is needed to protect people. We have Gloria and others, like Bonnie, who were first responders and raced into the scene. That circumstance of dying while protecting one's family should not occur.

We should have the police services that are needed and at the ready, and local, in my view, may be a solution that is better, whether it is in Portapique or James Smith Cree Nation. We need to examine policing and we need to examine, as the hon.

I will not prescribe solutions at this point. We need to commit to listening, investigating and particularly supporting the people of James Smith Cree Nation and other places that are still wounded and suffering from events of violence.

We can do better. We must do better, and to everybody touched by the tragedy at James Smith Cree Nation, we send our prayers, our love and our words, and we also say clearly that we know words are not enough. We will do more. We will do better. We are with them and their dear children as they process things that no child should ever see and no family should ever experience.

I thank members for their time. The petitioners are concerned about the possibility of the government imposing another values test on charitable organizations. I am rising to present two petitions.

The first petition is in support of Senate Bill S , which seeks to combat the practice of forced organ harvesting, which is still going around the world. It is the practice of harvesting organs from healthy, living human beings without their consent, and the bill would combat this practice. The families of the victims of forced organ harvesting and trafficking have now waited almost 15 years for Canada to pass this legislation.

It is time to end the delays, and the petitioners are calling on the House and on Parliament to now get this done. The Liberal Party considers these views to be dishonest, and this may jeopardize the charitable status of hospitals, houses of worship, schools, homeless shelters and other charitable organizations that do not agree with the Liberal Party of Canada. The petitioners are calling on the Government of Canada to do two things: to protect and preserve the application of charitable status rules on a politically and ideologically neutral basis and to affirm the right of Canadians to freedom of expression.

Carol Hughes :. The government had previously denied funding, tax dollars, to any organization that was not willing to check a box endorsing the political positions of the governing party.

These petitioners believe that charities and non-profit organizations should not be discriminated against on the basis of their political views or religious values. They comment that all Canadians have a right to freedom of expression without discrimination under the Canadian Charter of Rights of Freedoms.

The petitioners are calling on the government to protect and preserve the application of charitable status rules on a politically and ideologically neutral basis and to affirm the rights of Canadians to freedom of expression. As such, the petitioners are calling on the Government of Canada and the House of Commons to protect and preserve the application of charitable status rules on a politically and ideologically neutral basis and to affirm Canadians' freedom of expression.

I am standing with countless Canadians who oppose this Prime Minister 's values test. They call upon the House of Commons to protect and preserve the application of charitable status rules on a politically and ideologically neutral basis without discrimination on the basis of political or religious values and without the imposition of another values test. They also ask Parliament to affirm the right of Canadians to freedom of expression.

Kevin Lamoureux :. I will allow the hon. Bob Zimmer :. Therefore, the petitioners ask the government two things: to protect and preserve the application of the charitable status rules on a politically and ideologically neutral basis without discrimination on the basis of political or religious values and without the imposition of another values test; and to affirm the right of Canadians to freedom of expression.

Therefore, I am presenting this petition. The undersigned citizens and residents of Canada call upon this House of Commons to protect and preserve the application of charitable status rules on a politically and ideologically neutral basis without discrimination on the basis of political or religious values and without the imposition of another values test; and to affirm the right of Canadians to freedom of expression.

More specifically, the petitioners call upon the House of Commons to protect and preserve the application of charitable status rules on a politically and ideologically neutral basis without discrimination on the basis of political or religious values and without the imposition of another values test; and to affirm the right of Canadians to freedom of expression.

Petitioners are calling on the government to act specifically around the issue of the continuing detention of Armenian prisoners of war. Petitioners ask the government to condemn the continuing illegal detention of Armenian prisoners of war, to call for their immediate release, to use all diplomatic tools to support this objective, to denounce state-sponsored hateful rhetoric and aggressive attacks from Turkey and Azerbaijan against Armenia and Artsakh, and to provide the necessary humanitarian assistance to ensure the safety and viability of the population of Artsakh.

Petitioners want to see the government protect and preserve the application of charitable status rules on a politically and ideologically neutral basis without discrimination, and they also want to see the government substantively affirm the right of Canadians to freedom of expression whether or not the Liberal Party agrees with them.

The CRA was unable to administer the tax credits in question without Bill C-8 achieving royal assent. With regard to a , regarding impacts of the aforementioned procedural delays, approximately , returns have been received with claims for the eligible educator school supply tax credit and the return of fuel charge proceeds to farmers tax credit pending royal assent. With regard to b , as of May 11, , all tax returns are being held in abeyance within CRA systems.

Once royal assent is received, it is expected that all of the , returns would be processed within a few days, with the exception of a very small percentage that might require further upfront validation. With regard to part c , as of May 11, , as the returns have not been assessed, the CRA is unable to provide an answer in the manner requested. Once Bill C-8 for the eligible educator school supply tax credit and the return of fuel charge proceeds to farmers tax credit receives royal assent, the returns will be processed.

The CRA has a long-standing practice to encourage taxpayers and registrant taxpayers to comply with the introduction of proposed tax measures on the assumption that the legislation for these tax measures will be enacted. This practice is consistent with parliamentary convention, helps provide consistency and fairness in the tax treatment of taxpayers, and eases both the compliance burden on taxpayers and the administrative burden on the CRA.

This cautious approach recognizes that although parliamentary convention dictates that taxation proposals are effective as soon as a Notice of Ways and Means Motion is tabled, there is no clear authority for the CRA to make these increased payments out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund. Furthermore, this property has not been declared surplus by AAFC.

AAFC is bound by the Treasury Board directive on the management of real property to demonstrate sound stewardship by reviewing our real property holdings on a cyclical basis to identify real property that is underutilized, inefficient or no longer needed to support departmental programs, and by disposing of surplus real property in a manner that minimizes liability and ensures best value to the Crown.

Should lands become surplus and formally declared as such, divestiture would follow the prescribed process. With regard to the Canadian Transportation Agency, since July 15, a how many notices of violation, within the meaning of Part VI of the Canada Transportation Act, have been issued for sections 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 of the Air Passenger Protection Regulations, broken down by i section, ii year; and b of the violations in a , how many administrative monetary penalties have been issued to air carriers, broken down by i year, ii amount, iii violation?

With regard to completed access to information requests, broken down by each entity subject to the Access to Information Act and the Privacy Act: a how many release packages contained redactions, broken down by year, since ; and b what is the breakdown of a by type of exemption and section of the act used to justify the redaction? Speaker, each fiscal year, Treasury Board Secretariat, TBS, collects data on the number of requests received, completed, closed and responded to according to legislative timelines, 30 days, extensions taken, and exemptions and exclusions invoked.

In response to a , TBS collects data on the volume of requests closed during the reporting period, including information on the disposition of each request, including disclosed in part, all exempted and all excluded. In response to b , TBS also collects data on the number of requests to which particular exemptions were applied.

The information requested can be calculated based on the published datasets. All data presented in the access to information and privacy statistical report, as well as the statistical data that is available in an open format, is based on fiscal years. As such, data since would include the fiscal year.

With regard to cod fishery policy and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans DFO : a what are DFO's estimates or projections on the number of cod that will be eaten by harp seals in Canadian waters in ; and b what is the total number of cod that can be legally caught by commercial fishermen in Canada in ?

We established the Atlantic seal science task team to bridge the gap between our existing science, and what harvesters were seeing out on the water. The total number of cod that can be legally caught by all commercial means, directed and bycatch, in is 2, tonnes. This does not include two cod stocks that await ministerial decision for However, in the total amount that can be caught legally by commercial fishermen was 13, tonnes for the two stocks.

With regard to actions taken by the Clerk of the Privy Council in response to statements made in public by the Prime Minister or any other minister, broken down by year since January 1, a how many times did the clerk i consider, ii inform the Office of the Prime Minister, that a statement made by the Prime Minister or another minister in public was false or misleading; and b what are the details of each instance in a , including i the date, ii the false or misleading statement, iii who made the statement, iv the summary of any action taken to correct the false or misleading information?

Speaker, the Clerk of the Privy Council advises the Prime Minister and elected government officials from an objective, non-partisan, public policy perspective. In this capacity, she discusses a wide range of issues with the Prime Minister, his office, and other ministers on a regular basis. With regard to performance audits or similar types of assessments related to passport processing times which were ongoing, or have been conducted since January 1, what are the details of each audit or assessment, including for each the i start and end date of the time period audited or assessed, ii summary and scope of the audit or assessment, iii findings, iv recommended changes to improve processing times, if applicable, v changes actually implemented, vi entity responsible for conducting the audit or assessment?

With regard to the government's reaction to plans made by the United Kingdom to mandate computed tomography CT scanning equipment in all of their airports by a what is the timeline for when CT or similar 3D scanners will be installed into each Canadian airport; and b what is the timeline for when the restrictions on liquids in carry-on items by passengers can be modified as a result of such equipment being installed?

Speaker, with regard to part a , computed tomography, CT, X-ray technology is an enhanced means to mitigate threats to aviation security. Transport Canada recently reached out to security partners such as the United Kingdom and the United States to gather information on CT X-ray technology and to align security requirements.

Planning and coordination are under way by CATSA to trial a next generation CT X-ray technology at a passenger pre-board screening checkpoint during the summer of Transport Canada will assess CT X-ray technology during the upcoming trial to evaluate its performance on security effectiveness and operational efficiency. Following the trial, Transport Canada will assess findings and determine possible deployment of CT X-ray technology at passenger pre-board screening checkpoints.

With regard to the government's ArriveCan application: a since January 1, , how many individuals have been exempted from the requirement to submit the information required by the application prior to arriving in Canada; and b what is the breakdown of a by circumstance or reason for exemption professional sports team, humanitarian refugee, no access to electronic device, etc.

Speaker, since January 1, , there have been no exemptions to submitting the required information in ArriveCAN. With regard to VIA Rail's morning commuter service: when will train between Kingston and Toronto including stops in Coburg and Port Hope , be reinstated and begin operating again?

VIA Rail is therefore constantly evaluating its services, and after two years of the pandemic, VIA Rail is looking at the impact of the changes in travel habits on its operations, for example the new work-from-home reality. While train is not slated to return in June , VIA Rail continues to evaluate this route and several others. The corporation expects to complete an analysis of the impact of telecommuting and other business recovery considerations in the coming months.

With regard to Royal Canadian Air Force flights, including training flights which flew over downtown Ottawa between January 1, , and May 1, what are the details of each such flight, including i the date, ii the type of aircraft, iii the origin, iv the destination, v the number of individuals on board, vi the purpose of the flight, including the type of training, if applicable, vii whether there was any equipment on board that could be used for any type of surveillance, and, if so, the type of equipment on board, viii whether any surveillance was conducted, or equipment that conducts surveillance was used, even if as part of a training exercise, and, if so, the details of what was used and how it was used?

On a daily basis, these aircraft conduct routine operations, including search and rescue activities, transportation of cargo, pilot training, medical transportation, the secure transportation of VIPs and deployment of personnel for operations in Canada and abroad. As part of routine operations and training, the RCAF may fly over downtown Ottawa depending on air traffic, the runway required to depart or arrive at the Ottawa or Gatineau airports and the routings issued by the air traffic controller.

Additionally, RCAF aircraft may fly over downtown Ottawa as part of public relations events and ceremonial activities, including Remembrance Day. Providing the requested details would require a manual search of data for over RCAF flights that used the Ottawa or Gatineau airports between January 1, , and May 1, , which could not be completed in the allotted time. While not in the scope of this Order Paper question, National Defence previously shared information on this matter.

The training was planned prior to, and was unrelated to, the domestic event that was taking place at the time. These flights are conducted in order to maintain essential qualifications and currency on airborne ISR-related equipment. The training was planned as part of annual training requirements, and the capabilities were booked in advance. Cancelling such training would have been costly and would have had a negative impact on maintaining required certifications and qualifications and thus on Canadian Armed Forces operational readiness.

Speaker, in processing parliamentary returns, the government applies the principles set out in the Access to Information Act and the Privacy Act.

Information has been withheld on the grounds that it constitutes financial information that is confidential information supplied to the commission by a third party and is treated consistently in a confidential manner by the third party.

With regard to the tariff on fertilizer originating from Russia: how much revenue money has been collected as a result of the tariff on purchase orders which were made i prior to March 2, , ii on or since March 2, , iii in total? Speaker, customs duties and taxes are assessed based on the time of importation of goods, as opposed to the date of when they are purchased.

With regard to individuals requiring an urgent passport for travel commencing within two business days or less being turned away or told to return to passport offices another day, since March 1, a on how many days, broken down by month and by passport office location, were individuals turned away due to i lack of capacity, ii other reasons, broken down by reason; and b does the government have estimates on the number of individuals who were turned away in a , and, if so, what are they?

Speaker, passport applicants with proof of travel within two business days are not turned away from passport sites. In large urban centers, Service Canada has implemented triage measures to provide a more intensive, client-specific approach.

Across the country, managers and executives are speaking directly with clients in order to triage lineups at specialized passport sites. This ensures that clients are prioritized by date of travel and, while wait times may be lengthy, are provided the service required.

Clients travelling within two business days are instructed to visit a specialized passport site that offers urgent pickup service, while those travelling within 45 business days are encouraged to make an appointment and apply in person at one of the 35 passport sites across the country. Clients travelling beyond 45 business days can make an appointment and apply in person at a Service Canada centre or by mail.

We do not track the number of individuals who do not receive service at passport offices. The service standard for processing the in-person passport applications done at one of the Service Canada specialized passport sites is 10 days. Service Canada has been continuously meeting the performance target for this service standard.

With regard to the Canada Border Services Agency and the current backlog of , Nexus applications: a what is the government's projected timeframe for clearing the backlog; b what is the government's projection for what the backlog will be as of i October 1, , ii January 1, , iii April 1, , iv July 1, ; c when will the Canadian enrollment centres open for applicant interviews, broken down by each location; and d what is the government's explanation for why the United States was able to open Nexus enrolment centres for applicant interviews in April , yet the Canadian centres remain closed?

It is difficult to project future application numbers, as a number of factors contribute to interview demand, including travel intentions and the U. The CBSA is working closely with CBP to increase the capacity of existing enrolment centres, to return CBP officers to Canadian enrolment centres and to expand opportunities for applicants, such as the use of virtual interviews using video conferencing technologies.

Given variability in demand and capacity, the CBSA cannot commit to a timeline to clear the interview backlog. With regard to part b , the CBSA is working to address the interview capacity and is not able to provide a projection at this time.

With regard to part c , a date has not yet been determined regarding the reopening of Canadian enrolment centres. Canada and the U. CBSA has always taken a national approach to reopening all enrolment centres at the same time, and the agency plans on adopting the same approach once a decision is made to reopen enrolment centres. With regard to part d , the Nexus program is jointly administered by Canada and the U. Until that time, enrolment centres in Canada will continue to be closed.

With regard to the government's decision to allow the possession of up to 2. Speaker, a lethal dose can vary from person to person. The composition and purity of the illegal drug supply varies, including strong opioids such as fentanyl. In particular, the illegal drug supply remains contaminated by potent drugs like fentanyl and its analogues and has the potential to pose harm to people who use drugs.

Health Canada recognizes that fentanyl is a dangerous drug due to its potency and risk of overdose, in particular if used in ways that increase risk of harm, such as using alone or mixed with other substances. For this reason, fentanyl and its analogues are controlled under Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

From a precautionary approach, it is generally considered that fentanyl has the potential to be lethal at doses over 2 milligrams. Substance use and its harms are shaped by several complex factors. A number of factors contribute to overdose fatalities, including mixing substances, as when taking opioids with alcohol or sedatives; method of use; level of tolerance, as someone with a higher tolerance may use more of a drug than someone else; unknown purity or potency as a result of contaminants in the illegal drug supply; or other health conditions, such as liver or kidney disease or breathing problems.

Anyone who uses illegal drugs, including fentanyl, should continue to engage in harm reduction measures to reduce the risk of overdose and death. More information on the exemption can be found at the Health Canada website. In assessing this exemption request, the dual objectives of the CDSA—to protect public health and maintain public safety—were considered. The inclusion of fentanyl in this exemption and the associated threshold should not be misconstrued as a statement on its safety.

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